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Section 441 — Failure to keep, maintain or retain books of account, documents, etc

Income-tax Act, 2025 (amended upto 2026)
In plain terms: This section allows a penalty of ₹25,000 for failing to keep and maintain books of account and other documents as required by section 62, or to retain them for the period specified.

A penalty of Rs. 25000 may be imposed on a person by the Assessing Officer or the Joint Commissioner (Appeals) or the Commissioner (Appeals), if he fails to--

(a) keep and maintain the books of account and other documents as per section 62 or the rules made thereunder, in respect of any tax year; or

(b) retain such books of account and other documents for the period specified in the said rules.

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